CRONOS3 Wave 5

CRONOS3 is the first attempt to establish a large-scale, cross-national, probability-based, mixed-mode panel following an input-harmonised approach. Panel recruitment, setup, maintenance, and data processing are guided by the same methodological principles in all participating countries.

The panel builds on the success of the pioneering CRONOS and CRONOS2 panels and is fielded in 11 countries: Austria, Belgium, Czechia, Finland, France, Hungary, Iceland, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, and the United Kingdom. Unlike the previous CRONOS2 panel, CRONOS3 also includes the offline population, providing panellists without internet access or those who never use the internet with a paper self-completion questionnaire. All survey operations are centralised (except for paper questionnaire and postal letter distributions), in accordance with an input-harmonised approach.

CRONOS3 aims to provide the academic, research, and user community with additional substantive, high-quality, comparative data to complement ESS measures. In particular, CRONOS3 measures content across the five NextGenEU themes: make it Green, make it Digital, make it Healthy, make it Strong, and make it Equal.

CRONOS3 comprises 5 waves, with each wave including 90 items fielded across all participating countries. Participants are recruited from ESS10 and ESS11 to ensure panel members come from random probability samples. Panellists recruited from ESS10 have previously participated in CRONOS2. Since Poland did not participate in CRONOS2, the Polish sample consists exclusively of panellists recruited from ESS11.