ICOS Cities Wave 3 edition 2.0

In collaboration with the ICOS Cities - Pilot Application in Urban Landscapes (PAUL) research project, the ESS developed a three-wave online panel fielded in Munich and Paris during 2023 and 2024. The ICOS Cities-PAUL project, funded by the EU Research and Innovation Program Horizon 2020, aims to develop innovative greenhouse gas measurement technologies for European cities.

The ICOS Cities Panel is a probability-based online panel focused on studying environmental attitudes in urban spaces. The panel measured public opinion about climate issues and green policies in European cities. Two pilot cities from the ICOS Cities network were selected for fielding the survey: Munich and Paris.

The questionnaire was developed by adapting questions from the ESS Round 8 module on climate change and by mapping the environmental policies described in the City Climate Action Plans from Munich and Paris. It covered different climate-related topics such as green policies, transportation, greenhouse gas emissions and energy, among other environmental behaviours.

The ICOS Cities Panel had a gross sample of 2,500 residents in each city. Respondents received letter invitations to participate in the survey and take part of the panel in the subsequent waves with their explicit agreement. The first two waves were fielded during spring and autumn 2023, and the third wave in autumn 2024.